You can update salesforce cli to latest version with following ways. Open powershell/ bash file then run below command on your choice.
Update Salesforce CLI with sfdx command
If you have installed salesforce cli using executable file then run following sfdx command to update.
sfdx update
Update Salesforce CLI with npm command
If you have installed salesforce cli using npm, then you have to update using this command.
npm update --global sfdx-cli
To update salesforce cli stable version
sfdx update stable